BPA is considered a substance of very high concern due to its endocrine disrupting (ED) function, its high production volumes, and its persistence in the aquatic environment. Furthermore, after being classified as an ED, it was included in the list of substances subject to authorization in REACh and as a priority in the WFD. Thus, BPA substitutes, such as bisphenols AF, B, F, S, and dimethyl BPA, have appeared on the market. However, given the toxicity of BPA not only on reproduction and endocrine function but also on immune responses and energy metabolism, the potential toxicity of its substitutes must be assessed. Based on the initial results obtained within the framework of the Horizon-Europe PARC (European Partnership for the Risk Assessment of Chemicals) project, a selection of two substitutes will be made and their transgenerational impacts on the overall physiological processes (reproduction, innate immunity, energy metabolism) of the stickleback will be evaluated. To address this, fertilized eggs will be exposed to a range of concentrations up to the three-spine stage, then the individuals will be followed until sexual maturity. Energy transfers between parents and offspring and the physiological consequences at different stages will be addressed. Finally, the link between experimental observations on organisms and the possible consequences on the viability of individuals will be addressed through a mechanistic mathematical model developed on the stickleback at INERIS, the "dynamic energy budgets" (DEB) model.